A root canal is a dental procedure used to treat infection or damage within the pulp (the soft tissue inside a tooth that contains nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissue). Here's an overview of the process: Diagnosis: The dentist or endodontist (a specialist in root canal treatment) diagnoses the need for a root canal based on symptoms (such as pain, prolonged sensitivity to heat or cold, tenderness, swelling, or discoloration) and through examination and X-rays. Anesthesia: Local anesthesia is administered to numb the affected tooth and surrounding area to ensure the patient does not feel pain during the procedure. Access Opening: The dentist creates an opening in the crown of the tooth to access the pulp chamber and root canals. Pulp Removal: The diseased or infected pulp is carefully removed from the pulp chamber and root canals. Cleaning and Shaping: The inside of the tooth is cleaned, disinfected, and shaped to allow for filling. This step may involve the use of special instruments and antibacterial solutions. Filling: The cleaned and shaped root canals are filled with a biocompatible material (usually gutta-percha) to seal them and prevent future infection. A temporary filling may be placed to close the opening. Restoration: After the root canal is completed, the tooth needs to be restored to its full function and shape. This typically involves placing a crown or other type of restoration to protect the tooth and restore its appearance. Follow-up: The dentist schedules follow-up appointments to ensure the tooth is healing properly and to check the success of the root canal treatment. Root canal treatment can save a tooth that would otherwise need to be extracted and helps alleviate pain and infection. Proper aftercare, including good oral hygiene and regular dental check-ups, is essential to ensure the long-term success of the treated tooth.